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CONTRIBUTION OF MUSLIM SCINTESTS(Biology)

Contribution of Muslim Scientist:                                          Muslim scientists made significant contributions to the field of biology, including: 1.Describing and classifying plants and animals:                                         Muslim scientists made detailed descriptions of thousands of plant and animal species, and they developed a system for classifying them. This work helped to lay the foundations for modern taxonomy. 2.Studying the human body:                                      Muslim scientists made important advances in the understanding of anatomy, physiology, and embryology. They also developed new surgica...
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Photosynthesis :                     Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and sugar. It is the foundation of the food chain and the basis for all life on Earth.                     Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells. Chloroplasts are small organelles that contain chlorophyll, a green pigment that absorbs sunlight. When sunlight hits chlorophyll, it excites the electrons in the chlorophyll molecule. These excited electrons then flow through a series of proteins called an electron transport chain. As the electrons flow through the electron transport chain, they release energy. This energy is used to pump hydrogen ions across a membrane. The hydrogen ions then flow back down the gradient, and this flow of ions generates ATP, the cell's main energy currency.     ...
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PERIODICITY OF PROPERTIES

PERIODICITY OF PROPERTIES :                          Periodicity of properties refers to the repetition of similar properties of elements as we move across a period or down a group in the periodic table. This is due to the periodicity of the electron configuration of the elements.                          The periodic table is a chart that organizes the elements by their atomic number, which is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. The elements are also arranged by their electron configuration, which is the way that the electrons are arranged around the nucleus.                          The periodic table is divided into periods and groups. Periods are the horizontal rows in the table, and groups are the vertical columns. As we move across a period, the n...
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